维珍航空将营运全球首架跨大西洋100%使用永续航空燃料的班机。维珍航空波音787客机示意图。(彭博)
维珍航空将于格林威治标准时间28日上午11时30分,从英国伦敦希斯洛机场起飞全球首架跨大西洋100%使用永续航空燃油(SAF)的客机,目的地为美国纽约甘迺迪国际机场。
据《BBC》报导,SAF可用多种材料制成,包括农作物、家庭垃圾和食用油等等,维珍航空此次航班使用的是波音787客机,上面将装载50吨SAF,其中88%由废弃脂肪转化而成,其馀来自美国玉米加工过程中产生的废弃物。
为了准备全球首架跨大西洋100%永续燃料的航班,引擎制造商劳斯莱斯和能源巨头英国石油公司一起参与了研发,在经过测试和分析后于本月获得英国民航局的批准。
据了解,航空业被视为难以脱碳(decarbonization)的产业,虽然使用SAF时飞机仍会排碳,但业界透露永续燃料的“排放生命週期”对环境影响最多可降低70%。
SAF已在全球航空业少量投入,与传统燃料进行混合,但佔整体燃料消耗量不到
0.1%,其目前的制造成本比航空燃油高,而且产量相对较少。
英国克兰菲尔德大学航空与环境副教授格拉(Guy
Gratton)表示,由于缺乏原料等问题,SAF不可能满足人类的燃料需求,而且SAF无法达到真正淨零排放。
不过,格拉指出,随著SAF的使用量越来越多,有机会成为迈向真正淨零未来的垫脚石,例如电燃料技术(e-fuels,从空气捕捉二氧化碳,和太阳能、风能等绿能发电所产生的氢混合)、氢能载具或者是目前在实验室中的各种技术。
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